Synthesis of AgCl/ZnMn₂O₄ nanomaterials for use as a catalyst in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol

Nguyen Le My Linh * , Tran Cong Dinh , Nguyen Thi Thuy Tien , Nguyen Le Phuong Thuy , Tran Thuy Trinh and Le Ba Minh Loc

* Corresponding author: (nguyenlemylinh@dhsphue.edu.vn)

Article Sidebar

Full Text: PDF

Received: Dec 12, 2025
Revised: Mar 19, 2026
Accepted: Mar 20, 2026
Published: Apr 20, 2026
Title: Synthesis of AgCl/ZnMn₂O₄ nanomaterials for use as a catalyst in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Views
4
Downloads
3
How to Cite
Linh, N. L. M., Dĩnh, T. C., Tiên, N. T. T., Thùy, N. L. P., Trinh, T. T., & Lộc, L. B. M. (2026). Synthesis of AgCl/ZnMn₂O₄ nanomaterials for use as a catalyst in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Journal of Science and Education, 66(02), 115-121. Retrieved from https://tckhgd.dhsphue.edu.vn/index.php/jse/article/view/226
Issue
Vol. 66 No. 02 (2026): Journal of Science and Education: Natural Science - Technology
Section
Journal of Science and Education: Natural Science - Technology

Abstract

In this study, AgCl/ZnMn2O4 nanomaterials were successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method combined with a chemical method. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms. The results indicate that the AgCl/ZnMn2O4 nanomaterials contain well-crystallized AgCl and ZnMn2O4 phases, with a specific surface area of 30.23 m²·g⁻¹ and nanoparticle sizes ranging from 30 to 150 nm. The synthesized material was applied as a catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol by NaBH4 to produce 4-aminophenol. The reduction kinetics of 4-NP by NaBH4 follow a first-order kinetic model, with the rate constant k increasing with temperature, and the activation energy of the reaction determined to be 65.79 kJ.mol⁻¹.
Keywords: AgCl/ZnMn2O4, 4-nitrophenol, nanomaterials

Tóm tắt

Trong bài báo này, vật liệu nano AgCl/ZnMn2O4 được tổng hợp thành công bằng phương pháp thủy nhiệt kết hợp phương pháp hóa học. Vật liệu tổng hợp được đặc trưng bằng phương pháp nhiễu xạ tia X (XRD), hiển vi điện tử quét (SEM), phổ hồng ngoại (FT-IR) và đẳng nhiệt hấp phụ-khử hấp phụ N2. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy vật liệu nano AgCl/ZnMn2O4 gồm các pha tinh thể AgCl và ZnMn2O4 với độ tinh thể cao, diện tích bề mặt đạt 30,23 m²·g⁻¹, với kích thước hạt nano trong khoảng 30–150 nm. Vật liệu thu được ứng dụng làm xúc tác cho phản ứng khử 4-nitrophenol bằng NaBH4 để tạo thành 4-aminophenol. Động học phản ứng khử 4-nitrophenol bằng NaBH4 tuân theo mô hình động học bậc 1, hằng số tốc độ k tăng theo nhiệt độ và năng lượng hoạt hóa của phản ứng xác định được là 65,79 kJ.mol-1.
Từ khóa: AgCl/ZnMn2O4, 4-nitrophenol, Vật liệu nano

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

References

Al Aboody, M. S. (2019). Silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) nanoparticles synthesized from Azadirachta indica lalex and its antibiofilm activity against fluconazole-resistant Candida tropicalis. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 47(1), 2107–2113. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2019.1620257

Bottger, G. L., & Geddes, A. L. (1967). Infrared lattice vibrational spectra of AgCl, AgBr, and AgI. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 46(8), 3000–3004. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1841169

Iben Ayad, A., Luart, D., Ould Dris, A., & Guénin, E. (2020). Kinetic analysis of 4-nitrophenol reduction by “water-soluble” palladium nanoparticles. Nanomaterials, 10(6), 1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061169

Konvičková, Z., Holišová, V., Kolenčík, M., Niide, T., Kratošová, G., Umetsu, M., & Seidlerová, J. (2018). Phytosynthesis of colloidal Ag–AgCl nanoparticles mediated by Tilia sp. leachate, evaluation of their behaviour in liquid phase and catalytic properties. Colloid and Polymer Science, 296(4), 677–687. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-018-4290-2

Lu, Y., Mao, J., Wang, Z., Qin, Y., & Zhou, J. (2020). Facile synthesis of porous hexapod Ag@AgCl dual catalysts for in situ SERS monitoring of 4-nitrothiophenol reduction. Catalysts, 10(7), 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10070746

Montes-García, V., Squillaci, M., Diez-Castellnou, M., Ong, Q. K., Stellacci, F., & Samorì, P. (2021). Chemical sensing with Au and Ag nanoparticles. Chemical Society Reviews, 50(2), 1269–1304. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0CS01112F

Mondal, A., Mondal, A., Adhikary, B., & Mukherjee, D. K. (2017). Cobalt nanoparticles as reusable catalysts for reduction of 4-nitrophenol under mild conditions. Bulletin of Materials Science, 40(2), 321–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-017-1367-3

Nassar, M. Y., El-Moetyb, E. A., & El-Shahat, M. F. (2017). Synthesis and characterization of a ZnMn₂O₄ nanostructure as a chemical nanosensor: A facile and new approach for colorimetric determination of omeprazole and lansoprazole drugs. RSC Advances, 7, 43798–43811. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA08010G

Neal, R. D., Inoue, Y., Hughes, R. A., & Neretina, S. (2019). Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol by gold catalysts: The influence of borohydride concentration on the induction time. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 123(20), 12894–12901. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b02396

Nguyễn, L. M. L., & Đỗ, M. N. (2020). Nghiên cứu tổng hợp vật liệu nano ZnMn₂O₄ bằng phương pháp thủy nhiệt. Vietnam Journal of Catalysis and Adsorption, 9(3), 58–62.

Phan, T. H. M., Phan, T. H. T., & Nguyễn, L. M. L. (2022). Nghiên cứu sự phân hủy basic fuchsin bằng xúc tác ZnMn₂O₄ khi có mặt tác nhân H₂O₂. Tạp chí Khoa học, Trường Đại học Sư phạm, Đại học Huế.

Peng, Q., Liu, M., Zheng, J., & Zhou, C. (2015). Adsorption of dyes in aqueous solutions by chitosan–halloysite nanotubes composite hydrogel beads. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 201, 190–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2014.09.003

Sawle, B. D., Salimath, B., Deshpande, R., Bedre, M. D., Prabhakar, B. K., & Venkataraman, A. (2008). Biosynthesis and stabilization of Au and Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles by fungus, Fusarium semitectum. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 9(3), 035012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1468-6996/9/3/035012

Seo, Y. S., Ahn, E.-Y., Park, J., Kim, T. Y., Hong, J. E., Kim, K., Park, Y., & Park, Y. (2017). Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol with gold nanoparticles synthesized by caffeic acid. Nanoscale Research Letters, 12, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-016-1776-z

Taghavi Fardood, S., Moradnia, F., & Ramazani, A. (2019). Green synthesis and characterisation of ZnMn₂O₄ nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye and kinetic study. Micro & Nano Letters, 14, 986–991. https://doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2019.0071

Zhang, M., Li, M., Yu, N., Su, S., & Zhang, X. (2021). Fabrication of AgCl@tannic acid-cellulose hydrogels for NaBH₄-mediated reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Cellulose, 28, 3515–3529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03721-0