Student engagement and speaking achievement among EFL learners at a Vietnamese language centre
Abstract
Tóm tắt
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Afshar, H. S., & Asakereh, A. (2016). Speaking skills problems encountered by Iranian EFL freshmen and seniors from their own and their English instructors' perspectives. Electronic journal of Foreign language teaching, 13(1), 112-130. Retrieved from https://e-flt.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/docroot/v13n12016/asakereh.pdf
Aubrey, S., King, J., & Almukhaild, H. (2022). Language learner engagement during speaking tasks: A longitudinal study. RELC Journal, 53(3), 519-533. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688220945418
British Educational Research Association [BERA]. (2018). Ethical guidelines for educational research (4th ed.). https://www.bera.ac.uk/publication/ethical-guidelines-for-educational-research-2018
Bru, E., Virtanen, T., Kjetilstad, V., & Niemiec, C. P. (2021). Gender differences in the strength of association between perceived support from teachers and student engagement. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 65(1), 153-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2019.1659404
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2022). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). SAGE Publications
de Carvalho, N. A., Veiga, F. H., Martínez, I., & Veiga, C. M. (2025). Psychosocial development and student engagement in school: A study with girls and boys in early and late adolescence. Trends in Psychology, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-025-00440-4
De Jong, N. H. (2023). Assessing second language speaking proficiency. Annual Review of Linguistics, 9(1), 541-560. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-030521-052114
Dewaele, J. M., & Li, C. (2021). Teacher enthusiasm and students’ social-behavioral learning engagement: The mediating role of student enjoyment and boredom in Chinese EFL classes. Language Teaching Research, 25(6), 922-945. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211014538
Dincer, A., Yeşilyurt, Y., & Demiröz, H. (2017). Multi-dimensional classroom engagement in EFL contexts. In D. Köksal (Ed.), Researching ELT: Classroom methodology and beyond (pp. 91-102). Peter Lang Edition. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED579063.pdf
Dincer, A., Yesilyurt, S., & Takkac, M. (2012). The effects of autonomy-supportive climates on EFL learner's engagement, achievement and competence in English speaking classrooms. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 3890-3894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.167
Dörnyei, Z., & Csizér, K. (2012). How to design and analyze surveys in second language acquisition research. In A. Mackey & S. M. Gass (Eds.), Research methods in second language acquisition: A practical guide (pp. 74–94). Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444347340.ch5
Dörnyei, Z., & Taguchi, T. (2009). Questionnaires in Second Language Research: Construction, Administration, and Processing (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203864739
Erdiana, N., Bahri, S., & Akhmal, C. N. (2019). Male vs. female EFL students: Who is better in speaking skill. Studies in English Language and Education, 6(1), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v6i1.13024
Erdiana, N., Daud, B., Sari, D. F., & Dwitami, S. K. (2020). A study of anxiety experienced by EFL students in speaking performance. Studies in English Language and Education, 7(2), 334-346. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v7i2.16768
Febriyanti, W., Miftakh, F., & Samsi, Y. S. (2023). Investigating students’ engagement in task-based speaking activities. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 3(4), 2121–2133. Retrieved from https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/view/3705
Feng, E., & Hong, G. (2022). Engagement mediates the relationship between emotion and achievement of Chinese EFL learners. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.895594
Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2018). How to design and evaluate research in education (10th ed.). McGraw Hill Education
Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59-109. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059
Fredricks, J. A., Filsecker, M., & Lawson, M. A. (2016). Student engagement, context, and adjustment: Addressing definitional, measurement, and methodological issues. Learning and Instruction, 43, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2016.02.002
Günes, Ç., & Sarigöz, I. H. (2021). Speaking struggles of young EFL learners. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 13(2), 1267-1308. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1292324.pdf
Guo, Y., Xu, J. & Chen, C. (2023). Measurement of engagement in the foreign language classroom and its effect on language achievement: the case of Chinese college EFL students. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 61(3), 1225-1270. https://doi.org/10.1515/iral-2021-0118
Havik, T., & Westergård, E. (2020). Do teachers matter? Students’ perceptions of classroom interactions and student engagement. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 64(4), 488-507. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2019.1577754
He, H. (2025). Investigating the roles of academic emotions in the relationship between agentic engagement and EFL achievement among Chinese undergraduate students. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1661196
Hiver, P., Al-Hoorie, A. H., Vitta, J. P., & Wu, J. (2024). Engagement in language learning: A systematic review of 20 years of research methods and definitions. Language Teaching Research, 28(1), 201-230. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211001289
Istiara, F., Hastomo, T., & Indriyanta, W. A. (2023). A study of students' engagement and students' speaking skill: A correlational research. Teknosastik, 21(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.33365/ts.v21i1.2198
Kubanyiova, M. (2008). Rethinking research ethics in contemporary applied linguistics: The tension between macroethical and microethical perspectives in situated research. The Modern Language Journal, 92(4), 503–518. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2008.00784.x
Liu, M., Noordin, N., Ismail, L., & Abdrahim, N. A. (2023). Relationship between student engagement and academic achievement in college English education for non-English majors in China. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(8), 203-232. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.8.12
Mackey, A., & Gass, S.M. (2015). Second Language Research: Methodology and Design (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315750606
Mills, G. E., & Gay, L. R. (2019). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications (12th ed.). Pearson
Mystkowska-Wiertelak, A., Bielak, J., & Wiertelak, W. (2025). Unveiling the dynamics of learner engagement: An idiodynamic investigation of L2 speaking tasks. Applied Linguistics, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amaf071
Nguyen, L. H. T., & Le, M. X. (2021). EFL teachers’ challenges in preparing young learners for Cambridge speaking tests in language centers in the Mekong Delta. International Journal of Science and Management Studies, 4(4), 339-346. https://doi.org/10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v4i4p131
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill Companies
Okur, E., Alyuz, N., Aslan, S., Genc, U., Tanriover, C., & Arslan Esme, A. (2017). Behavioral engagement detection of students in the wild. In E. André, R. Baker, X. Hu, M. Rodrigo, & B. du Boulay (Eds.), Artificial intelligence in education: AIED 2017 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 10331, pp. 250-261). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61425-0_21
Rababah, L., Almwajeh, M., Al-Khawaldeh, N. N., Al-Shboul, O. K., Amer, M. I. F. B., & Dakamsih, N. J. (2023). The effects of private speech on the speaking proficiency of young Jordanian English as a Foreign Language students. East European Journal of Psycholinguistics. 10(2), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2023.10.2.rab
Reeve, J., & Tseng, C. M. (2011). Agency as a fourth aspect of students’ engagement during learning activities. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36(4), 257-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2011.05.002
Riadil, I. G. (2020). EFL students in speaking skill: identifying english education students’ perceptions of the psychological problems in speaking. JETAL: Journal of English Teaching & Applied Linguistic, 2(1), 8-20. https://doi.org/10.36655/jetal.v2i1.266
Sundqvist, P., & Uztosun, M. S. (2024). Extramural English in Scandinavia and Asia: Scale development, learner engagement, and perceived speaking ability. Tesol Quarterly, 58(4), 1638-1665. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3296
Tavakoli, P., Nakatsuhara, F., & Hunter, A. M. (2020). Aspects of fluency across assessed levels of speaking proficiency. The Modern Language Journal, 104(1), 169-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12620
Torshizi, M. D., & Torshizi, M. D. (2016). Learners’ perception of differences between language learning in high school and private language institute. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 5(1), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.5n.1p.33
Trinh, A. N., & Conner, L. (2019). Student engagement in internationalization of the curriculum: Vietnamese domestic students’ perspectives. Journal of Studies in International Education, 23(1), 154-170. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315318814065
Trinh, G. T. T. (2024). Examining the impacts of out-of-class student engagement on student competencies in the context of business students in Vietnam–evidence from universities in Hanoi. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 16(2), 446-468. https://doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-09-2022-0297
Tsang, A. & Dewaele, J. (2024). The relationships between young FL learners’ classroom emotions (anxiety, boredom, & enjoyment), engagement, and FL proficiency. Applied Linguistics Review, 15(5), 2015-2034. https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2022-0077
Uztosun, M. S., Skinner, N., & Cadorath, J. (2018). An action research study into the role of student negotiation in enhancing perceived student engagement during English speaking classes at university level in Turkey. Educational Action Research, 26(1), 106–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2016.1270223
Veenman, M. V., Van Hout-Wolters, B. H., & Afflerbach, P. (2006). Metacognition and learning: Conceptual and methodological considerations. Metacognition and learning, 1(1), 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-006-6893-0
Vo, H., & Ho, H. (2024). Online learning environment and student engagement: the mediating role of expectancy and task value beliefs. The Australian Educational Researcher, 51(5), 2183-2207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-024-00689-1
Wongwan, P., Oupra, S., & Liangprayoon, S. (2019). Development of English Speaking Ability Baedsed on Communicative Language Teaching (CLT): Case Study in a Language Center. Chophayom Journal, 30(3), 73-82. Retrieved from https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ejChophayom/article/view/216612
Zhong, J., Ismail, L., & Ahmad, N. K. (2024). Factors influencing engagement in project-based learning among college EFL speakers. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 23(1), 318-338. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.1.16