Waveguiding properties of a Ge25Sb10S65 large mode area fiber with an octagonal cladding

Hoang Trong Duc * and Nguyen Tu Ha

* Corresponding author: (hoangtrongduc@dhsphue.edu.vn)

Article Sidebar

Full Text: PDF

Received: May 25, 2026
Revised: Jul 6, 2026
Accepted: Jul 27, 2026
Published: Oct 20, 2026
Title: Waveguiding properties of a Ge25Sb10S65 large mode area fiber with an octagonal cladding
Views
9
Downloads
7
How to Cite
Duc, H. T., & Ha, N. T. (2026). Waveguiding properties of a Ge25Sb10S65 large mode area fiber with an octagonal cladding. Journal of Science and Education, 66(05). Retrieved from https://tckhgd.dhsphue.edu.vn/index.php/jse/article/view/515
Issue
Vol. 66 No. 05 (2026): Journal of Science and Education
Section
Journal of Science and Education

Abstract

Solid-core optical fibers with a large core structure (Dc = 4Λ − d)  generally provide a large effective mode area, offering potential for a wide range of photonic applications. In this work, an octagonal Ge25Sb10S65-based photonic crystal fiber is proposed and numerically analyzed, in which the large core region is obtained through the omission of first layer of air holes surrounding the center. The data results indicate that the proposed design maintains a relatively large effective mode area, approximately 10 – 100 μm2 over the range of 1 – 10 μm. In addition, in the 1 – 7 µm region, an ultra-low confinement loss with an average magnitude of about 10 − 8 dB/m is achieved. These properties indicate the potential applicability of the proposed photonic crystal fiber in high power transmission, nonlinear optics, and mid-infrared photonic systems.
Keywords: Large mode area, Octagonal fiber, Ultra-low confinement loss, Supercontinuum generation

Tóm tắt

Các sợi quang lõi rắn với cấu trúc lõi lớn (Dc = 4Λ − d) thường cung cấp diện tích mode hiệu dụng lớn, mang lại tiềm năng cho nhiều ứng dụng quang tử. Trong công trình này, một sợi quang tinh thể quang tử hình bát giác dựa trên thủy tinh Ge25Sb10S65 được đề xuất và phân tích bằng phương pháp số. Vùng lõi lớn được hình thành bằng cách loại bỏ vòng lỗ khí thứ nhất bao quanh tâm sợi. Kết quả cho thấy cấu trúc được đề xuất duy trì diện tích mode hiệu dụng tương đối lớn, khoảng 10 – 100 μm2 trong dải bước sóng từ 1 đến 10 μm. Ngoài ra, trong vùng 1 – 7 µm, sợi đạt được tổn hao giam giữ cực thấp với giá trị trung bình cỡ 10−8 dB/m. Những đặc tính này cho thấy tiềm năng ứng dụng của sợi tinh thể quang tử được đề xuất trong truyền tải công suất cao, quang học phi tuyến và hệ thống quang tử hồng ngoại tầm trung.
Từ khóa: Diện tích mode lớn, Sợi tinh thể quang tử mạng bát giác, Suy hao giam giữ thấp, Phát siêu liên tục

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

References

Abdelaziz, I., Ademgil, H., AbdelMalek, F., Haxha, S., Gorman, T., & Bouchriha, H. (2010). Design of a large effective mode area photonic crystal fiber with modified rings. Optics Communications, 283, 5218–5223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2010.08.005

Ademgil, H., & Haxha, S. (2012). Endlessly single mode photonic crystal fiber with improved effective mode area. Optics Communications, 285, 1514–1518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2011.10.067

Choi, J. W., Han, Z., Sohn, B.-U., Chen, G. F. R., Smith, C., Kimerling, L. C., Richardson, K. A., Agarwal, A. M., & Tan, D. T. H. (2016). Nonlinear characterization of GeSbS chalcogenide glass waveguides. Scientific Reports, 6, Article 39234. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39234

Dudley, J. M., & Taylor, J. R. (2010). Supercontinuum generation in optical fibers. Cambridge University Press.

Eggleton, B., Luther-Davies, B., & Richardson, K. (2011). Chalcogenide photonics. Nature Photonics, 5, 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2011.309

Feng, Z., Wang, J., Wu, G., Wang, J., Liang, X., Xu, T., Zhong, M., Xiao, J., Shen, J., Zhao, Z., Wang, X., Zhang, P., Liu, Y., Dai, S., & Wang, R. (2021). Arsenic-free low-loss sulfide glass fiber for mid-infrared supercontinuum generation. Infrared Physics & Technology, 113, Article 103618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2020.103618

Genty, G., Ritari, T., & Ludvigsen, H. (2005). Supercontinuum generation in large mode-area microstructured fibers. Optics Express, 13, 8625–8633. https://doi.org/10.1364/OPEX.13.008625

Hu, Y., Tian, K., Li, T., Zhang, M., Ren, H., Qi, S., Yang, A., Feng, X., & Yang, Z. (2021). Mid-infrared nonlinear optical performances of Ge-Sb-S chalcogenide glasses. Optics Materials Express, 11, 695–706. https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.412731

Jiang, X., Joly, N. Y., Finger, M. A., Babic, F., Wong, G. K. L., Travers, J. C., & Russell, P. St. J. (2015). Deep-ultraviolet to mid-infrared supercontinuum generated in solid-core ZBLAN photonic crystal fibre. Nature Photonics, 9, 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.320

Lee, J. H., Lee, W. H., Choi, J. H., & Choi, Y. G. (2018). High refractive index dispersion of compositionally optimized Ge-Ga-Sb-S sulfide glass for use as molded lens in the long-wavelength infrared range. Ceramics International, 44, 21956–21961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.08.309

Liu, W., Zhang, Q., Liu, L., Xu, L., Xu, Y., & Chen, G. (2009). Enhancement of second-order optical nonlinearity in photo-darkened Ge25Sb10S65 chalcogenide glass by femtosecond laser light. Optics Communications, 282, 2081–2084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2009.02.025

Medjouri, A., & Abed, D. (2019). Mid-infrared broadband ultraflat-top supercontinuum generation in dispersion engineered Ge-Sb-Se chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber. Optical Materials, 97, Article 109391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2019.109391

Ren, H., Qi, S., Hu, Y., Han, F., Shi, J., Feng, X., & Yang, Z. (2019). All-solid mid-infrared chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber with ultralarge mode area. Optics Letters, 44, 5553–5556. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.44.005553

Shahriar, T. A. M. R., Islam, O., Tahmid, M. I., Alam, M. Z., & Alam, M. S. (2023). Highly coherent supercontinuum generation in circular lattice photonic crystal fibers using low-power pulses. Optik, 272, Article 170258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2022.170258

Shang, H., Zhang, M., Sun, D., Liu, Y. G., Wang, Z., Liu, D., & Zeng, S. (2021). Optical investigation of chalcogenide glass for on-chip integrated devices. Results in Physics, 28, Article 104552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104552

Shen, Y., Voronin, A. A., Zheltikov, A. M., O’Connor, S. P., Yakovlev, V. V., Sokolov, A. V., & Scully, M. O. (2018). Picosecond supercontinuum generation in large mode area photonic crystal fibers for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy. Scientific Reports, 8, Article 9526. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27811-5

Van, B. C., Tran, B. T. L., Thi, L. P., Trung, H. N., & Van, L. C. (2025). Large-core As2S3 photonic crystal fibers with three different lattices for ultra-flattened supercontinuum generation spectra. Discover Materials, 5, Article 148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-025-00351-2

Van, L. C., Xuan, K. D., Canh, T. L., Doan, T. T., Thi, T. N., Le, H. V., & Hoang, V. T. (2023). Supercontinuum generation in chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with liquid. Optical Materials, 137, Article 113547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2023.113547

Wang, C., Hou, T., Xu, Y., Chang, Y., Zhang, H., & Guo, H. (2025). Low-loss ultra-large mode area all-solid chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber for 20 W level mid-infrared laser delivery. Optics Letters, 50, 3696–3699. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.557304

Yi, C., Zhang, P., Dai, S., Wang, X., Wu, Y., Xu, T., & Nie, Q. (2013). Multicore chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers for large mode area and mode shaping. Optics Communications, 311, 270–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2013.08.080

Yu, C. P., & Chang, H. C. (2004). Yee-mesh-based finite difference eigenmode solver with PML absorbing boundary conditions for optical waveguides and photonic crystal fibers. Optics Express, 12, 6165–6177. https://doi.org/10.1364/OPEX.12.006165