The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education has brought about significant changes in English language learning and teaching. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the attitudes and self-efficacy beliefs of Vietnamese upper secondary school EFL teachers in relation to ICT integration in classrooms. Additionally, the study explores whether there is a correlation between teachers' self-efficacy beliefs and their attitudes towards ICT integration. The research employed a quantitative method (questionnaires) to collect data. A total of 53 Vietnamese EFL teachers working in high schools in the Mekong Delta participated in the study. The findings revealed that Vietnamese EFL teachers generally held moderately positive attitudes towards ICT integration and were not opposed to incorporating ICT in their classes. It was also observed that teachers felt confident in implementing simple tasks using ICT but lacked self-efficacy when it came to integrating ICT for more complex tasks. Lastly, the study found no statistically significant correlation between EFL teachers' self-efficacy beliefs and their attitudes towards ICT integration.

This research aimed to investigate reflective practice as a tool for EFL pre-service teachers' professional development (PD) at Hue University of Foreign Languages and International Studies (HUFLIS). The participants were 100 third- and fourth-year students from the research site. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire and an interview. The findings reveal that the majority of the students were well aware of the reflective practice as an effective tool for professional development. They also held high awareness of how they carried out reflection and evaluation towards reflective practice. From the findings and the limitations of the study, implications and suggestions for helping EFL pre-service teachers to carry out reflective practice for PD more successfully were put forward.

This study investigates the grammar learning strategies used by Grade 9 English learners at Trieu Long Lower Secondary School, their practical applications, and the differences in strategy use between male and female students. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative data from 83 students (41 male, 42 female) via questionnaires and qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with 10 students. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, while thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data. The findings revealed that students used diverse grammar learning strategies, with a preference for affective, metacognitive, and cognitive strategies. Digital tools like websites and apps were commonly used, and collaborative learning was favored. Few significant gender differences in strategy use were found, with female students favored social strategies, whereas male students leaned more toward cognitive strategies. This study offers practical implications for enhancing grammar learning through improved grammar instruction, educational practices, and curriculum design.

Given a finite set  of s distinct points in the projective space , we are interested in studying its uniformity property. When n = 2 and  is (i, j)-uniform, we provide a lower bound for the number s and establish a sufficient condition for  to lie on a line.

In recent years, AI has received increasing attention due to its significant impact on human life, especially in literary translation field. Therefore, the current study aims at comparing some English-Vietnamese love poems translated by human translators and AI to examine the similarities and differences between human and AI translations of English love poems into Vietnamese in the field of literary translation. The corpus of the research includes 30 English love poems along with their 30 Vietnamese human translations and 30 Vietnamese AI translations. The study used a qualitative method to analyze and compare human and AI translations in quality of meaning, cultural adaptation, accuracy and emotional expression. Besides, the quantitative method was applied to count the translation techniques in each version. A three-dimensional evaluation rubric was set to make the findings more reliable and precise. Finally, the results show that both AI and humans can adapt basic meaning in love poem translations and utilize some fundamental translation techniques. However, AI translations are good accurate in structure and vocabulary. In contrast, human translation (HT) presents emotional depth as well as cultural sensitivity. The findings indicate that machine translation can serve as a supportive tool for human translators in love poem translation help humans save time and improve accuracy. The results contribute additional knowledge, data, and new perspectives to this field. These are good for translation learners, trainers, as well as programs.

Teachers’ attitudes toward 5–6-year-old children’s participation in pre-primary classes are reflected through cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions. This study presents the findings of research conducted with 60 teachers teaching 5–6-year-old kindergarten classes at three preschools in Hue City. The results reveal that all attitude dimensions were at a moderate level. Among these dimensions, the cognitive dimension showed the highest level, whereas the affective and behavioral dimensions were relatively lower. Based on the findings, the study proposes several measures to help preschool teachers develop appropriate attitudes toward 5–6-year-old children’s participation in pre-primary classes.

In the current context, building happy schools serves both as a goal and an essential means to effectively implement the 2018 general education program within the framework of fundamental and comprehensive educational reform. Creating happy schools at the primary level involves fostering an educational environment free from school violence and violations of teachers' professional ethics. In such schools, students, teachers, administrators, and parents all feel safe and happy. This article presents the current state of managing activities related to developing happy schools in primary schools in Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City. The research results indicate that the management of happy school development activities in surveyed primary schools has achieved positive outcomes; however, several limitations and shortcomings remain. The study of this situation provides a critical basis for proposing management measures to enhance the effectiveness of happy school development in primary schools.

Program innovation has brought new opportunities and challenges to primary education. Along with textbooks, supplementary materials associated with each student are always prioritized by educators in order to best develop learners' capabilities. Designing Vietnamese practice worksheets for students in grade 2 is an experiment to diversify teaching materials, help students be more active in Vietnamese practice activities and self-assess their reading, writing and speaking - listening quality. From theoretical and practical studies, the article has proposed a process of designing Vietnamese practice worksheets and making it clear with detailed and vivid illustration designs.

Hue culture embodies the essence of the natural scenery, architecture, and human intellect. Integrating Hue cultural education in Vietnamese language teaching for grades 1, 2, and 3 is an integrated teaching experiment aimed at promoting Hue culture in elementary schools and making classroom lessons more lively and interesting. The article also outlines three basic measures that can be applied to integrate Hue cultural education in Vietnamese language teaching, including supplementing reading materials on Hue culture, building a system of practice exercises, and implementing extracurricular activities

In the context of implementing the 2018 General Education Curriculum in Vietnam, communication competence is identified as a core competency to be developed in primary school students. From a systems theory perspective, the management of communication competence educational activities is conceptualised as a purposeful process that influences key components, including objectives, content, methods and forms of organization, coordination among stakeholders, supporting conditions, and assessment, in alignment with the competency-based approach. This study was conducted at Xuan Thoi Thuong Primary School (Hoc Mon District, Ho Chi Minh City) to examine the current status of the management of communication competence educational activities. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining a survey of 165 administrators, teachers, and parents with in-depth interviews of 12 participants to clarify quantitative findings. The results indicate that management practices have been implemented relatively comprehensively, reflected in high mean scores across most criteria regarding both implementation and effectiveness. However, several limitations remain, including insufficient specification of objectives by grade level, limited professional development for teachers, unsustainable coordination with families and community partners, and inflexible resource allocation and evaluation mechanisms. Based on these findings, five groups of management measures are proposed to ensure coherence among structural components and enhance the effectiveness of communication competence educational activities in primary schools. The study contributes both theoretical and practical insights into educational management in the context of ongoing educational reform.

The reading comprehension skills of 4th grade students can be developed, reinforced, and enhanced through various methods and approaches. Adapting and supplementing reading comprehension questions and exercises that are suitable for different groups of students at different stages of learning is one of the solutions to support students in forming, reinforcing, and developing their reading comprehension skills. This solution aligns with the principle of being achievable while contributing to the implementation of the differentiated teaching goal set by the 2018 General education curriculum. The suggested presentation techniques, such as adjusting questions and exercises to decrease difficulty, increase complexity, and foster interest, provide teachers with flexibility in implementing the curriculum and utilizing instructional materials. Additionally, these techniques open up opportunities for effective curriculum implementation and the use of new textbooks

Research works of many famous educators have shown that in the process of teaching moral content in schools, literary materials are always a highly effective means. This comes from the intellectual characteristics of moral content, psychological and physiological characteristics of the age group as well as the cognitive and thinking rules of students. Literary materials will create opportunities to help students establish an attitude toward the phenomena of life around them, help form moral beliefs and practice behavior consistent with the moral standards of society. festival. The article focuses on analyzing how to use literary materials to design and teach ethical topics included in the 2018 Citizenship Education program currently being implemented.

Managing the education of living values is of particular importance in secondary schools, aiming to develop correct perceptions of life values in students, while also fostering the skills to choose appropriate life values, enhancing the individual's intrinsic virtues. This article presents the theoretical foundations researched on life values, life value education activities, and educational management; thereby studying the current state of managing living value education activities for students in secondary schools in Thach Ha District, Ha Tinh Province. Initial assessments of the effectiveness in managing living value education activities across seven criteria provide an important basis for proposing pedagogical solutions aimed at promoting and enhancing the capacity to manage activities, and the quality of organizing living value education activities for junior high school students in the current context of general education reform

In subjects in general and Civic Education in particular, field teaching is a highly experiential form of teaching, helping pupils connect knowledge content to practical activities. To carry out these activities, pupils, under the guidance of teachers, develop and organize the implementation of plans at locations outside the classroom. From here, pupils become aware of their own weaknesses and strengths to proactively correct and promote them. Within the scope of this article’s research, we focus on researching field teaching in Civic Education towards developing self-development capacity for pupils in secondary schools.

Problem-based learning is an active teaching method which has been widely applied in many educational systems around the world. It is also advisable to employ this method to teach the subject of Economics and Law Education 2018. This research aims to clarify the theoretical and practical basis of problem-based learning; evaluate its experimental results in the subject of Economics and Law Education in Dong Ha city, Quang Tri province and offer some suggestions to improve the effectiveness of this teaching method in the subject of Economics and Law Education.

STEM education is a model being implemented in many educational programs around the world. STEM is considered an effective solution to bring theory closer to practice, equipping learners with the necessary knowledge and skills related to different fields. Therefrom, through the implementation of STEM activities in teaching, basic skills will be trained for students to meet the requirements of workers in the new period. Physics is characterized by knowledge closely linked to practice, so there are many opportunities to apply this model to teaching. "Electricity and life" is one of the highly practical contents in the 2018 General Physics Program. However, in reality this content has not been implemented much, students have not fully developed their abilities. Students have not been able to apply much knowledge to serve daily life. To enhance the ability to apply knowledge into practice, the content of the article presents the construction and implementation some STEM topics in teaching the section "Electricity and life" in Physics teaching

The competence to understand the natural world under a chemistry is one of the three main components of the chemical competence that needs to be developed for students identified in the new general education curriculum. The steps in the discovery teaching process are consistent with the manifestations in the ability to understand the natural world under a chemistry, so there are many opportunities for students to develop this ability. The article has designed a survey tool based on the theory of discovery teaching, the ability to learn about the natural world. The tool is standardized through calculating Cronbach's Alpha, Corrected Item-Total Correlation values for test survey results on 50 teachers. The official survey tool was used on 102 teachers and 150 students to assess the ability to understand the natural world from a chemical perspective and the extent to which teachers apply discovery teaching in developing their skills.

Assessing children’s development plays a pivotal role in early childhood education, enabling teachers to adjust care and educational activities and support children’s holistic growth. This study aims to describe the current practices of child development assessment at Bao Hoa Preschool through a survey of 39 administrators and teachers, supplemented by interviews and observations. The four-point Likert-scale questionnaire captured core components of assessment practices. The findings indicate that while assessment activities have been implemented, their application remains inconsistent across developmental domains. Teachers mainly rely on observation, whereas methods requiring deeper interaction or analytical engagement are used less frequently. Participation among stakeholders is still concentrated primarily among teachers, and several supportive conditions, particularly guidance materials and assessment tools, are insufficient. These findings highlight the need to strengthen teachers’ assessment competencies, enhance collaboration among relevant stakeholders, and improve assessment tools to advance the quality of child development assessment.

“Learning through play” is one of the current teaching trends that can contribute to positive cognitive activities and create excitement for students in learning. The use of learning games is one of the organizational forms of this teaching trend. Through the use of learning games in teaching, it will increase students' ability to focus attention, stimulate active participation, and help them to form qualities and competencies. With the measures are proposed in this article, it will contribute to improving the efficiency of using the learning game following the direction “Learning through play” in high schools.

Python programming language is gradually gaining a position in teaching Informatics in high schools today due to its outstanding features such as novelty, flexibility, simplicity, ease of learning, ease of understanding, and wide applicability in modern fields... It is clear that the Python programming language will be an important tool for developing learners' capacity, assisting students in developing problem-solving and creative abilities, and fostering independent thinking. From there, the ability to actively seek, receive, and develop knowledge, meet the demands of high-quality human resources, master technology and machinery, and adapt to future structural change. This article will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of the Python programming language, as well as its new position in the current general education curriculum.

Blended learning is an open form of teaching, combining traditional classroom teaching with modern E-learning. In teaching Physics in high schools, organizing teaching according to the model of combining Blended learning is one of the effective solutions to enhance students' self-study ability. The article introduces the research on applying the Blended learning model to foster students' self-study ability in teaching the subject "Physics in some job”. The results of pedagogical experiments have shown that applying the B-Learning model to teaching can foster students' self-learning capacity. The initial results have shown the feasibility of the research direction.

In the Literature subject of the 2018 General Education Program (GEP), the training of speaking and listening skills is fundamentally aimed at developing students' linguistic and literary competencies. Specifically, speaking and listening primarily focuses on cultivating linguistic competence, which is a direct manifestation of communicative competence - one of the key general competencies stipulated in the 2018 GEP. This paper addresses the practical realities of the “Speaking and Listening: Discussing an Issue with Different Opinions” lesson type within the Literature curriculum of the 2018 GEP. Based on an analysis of the characteristics of the “Discussion” lesson type from a modern pedagogical perspective, this study surveys the content of speaking and listening instruction in the 2018 Literature GEP. It then describes how the “Discussing an Issue with Different Opinions” lesson type is implemented across the three primary textbook series (Kết nối tri thức với cuộc sống (Connecting Knowledge with Life), Chân trời sáng tạo (Creative Horizon), and Cánh diều (Kite)). The findings from this practical research are juxtaposed against the theoretical foundation of the “Discussion” lesson type to propose corresponding active teaching methods.

This study aims to examine the relationship between stress, anxiety, depression, sleep quality and smartphone addiction among university students. The study included 905 students from four universities in Hue who completed a questionnaire that included demographic questions, the Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short Version (SAS - SV), the Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale (PSQI). The prevalence of smartphone addiction among participants was 38.0%. The results showed a positive correlation between stress, anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and smartphone addiction. Some recommendations for future research are given.

In the current context of innovation and international integration, event communication activities in schools have undergone strong development, leading to an increasing demand for enhancing the role and effectiveness of communication management for university students. This article focuses on researching and analyzing basic theoretical issues regarding event communication management; a survey was conducted using questionnaires to assess various aspects of the current management of event communication activities for students at Saigon University. The six measures proposed in this study are expected to contribute to improving the effectiveness of event communication management for students across several dimensions: human resource management, digital communication capacity building, and empowering students with proactive roles, etc

This study investigates the emotion regulation skills of 60 special education preschool teachers at the Thien Nhan Inclusive Education Support Center (Hai Phong), focusing on two strategies: cognitive reappraisal (TĐNT) and expressive suppression (KNCX). The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) was employed as the measurement tool; data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability testing, and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Findings indicate that the mean score for cognitive reappraisal was relatively high, yet expressive suppression was also used to a considerable extent, reflecting teachers’ frequent tendency to conceal and inhibit their emotions. This suggests that their emotion regulation skills remain limited, as heavy reliance on suppression may negatively affect psychological well-being and teaching effectiveness. Group analyses revealed that work pressure and the quality of relationships with colleagues and supervisors significantly influenced the use of cognitive reappraisal, while age was associated with a stronger tendency toward suppression. The results highlight the need for simultaneous interventions at both individual and organizational levels to reduce dependence on suppression and enhance the use of more effective emotion regulation strategies.

By using psychology-mythological and socio-historical approaches, the article explores the reincarnation of the hero archetype in Steinbeck’s The Pearl by contrasting the life cycle structure of the hero character in the novel to original models in folklore. The similarities and differences with the original archetype are the basis for clarifying the inheritance of myths, sediments of national, humanity culture and demythologizing American hero in Steinbeck’s work. The rebirth of the archetypal hero and demythologizing of the hero are effective artistic methods, new ways of interpreting reality to convey messages of humanity, rich in dialogue feature in the novel The Pearl of John Steinbeck.

Nagai Kafū is one of the representative Japanese writers of the modern period, renowned for his refined aesthetic sensibility and nostalgia for traditional Edo culture. His short stories captivate readers not only through topics such as geisha or Edo culture, but also through his construction of the pathos of things space-time and imperfect space-time. These two modalities of space-time reflect both the Japanese sensibility toward nature, the four seasons, and traditional culture, and the ways human beings confront impermanence, fragility, and the finitude of existence. Drawing on structural-systemic and interdisciplinary methods, as well as perspectives from poetics and Japanese aesthetics, this study elucidates Kafū’s creativity in constructing artistic space-time. It also highlights his continuation and development of the traditional aesthetic spirit in the process of modern Japanese literature. Through this lens, the pathos and awareness of imperfection in space-time reveal Japanese aesthetic consciousness while simultaneously exposing the existential depth embedded in the author’s artistic vision

Since 1964, the US began raiding to destroy Con Co island with increasing intensity of bombing, the life and fighting of officers and soldiers on the island faced many difficulties and hardships. , sacrifice. Faced with the danger of the island's survival, the Vinh Linh Regional Party Committee held a meeting to issue a resolution, which emphasized: “All for dear Con Co”, “The mainland is still, Con Co is still”. The Regional Party Committee held many meetings, issued nearly 30 directives, resolutions, plans and hundreds of important phone calls so that Vinh Linh's army and people could open a “bloody road” for supplies and ammunition, medicine, food for the island. The correct and timely leadership of the Vinh Linh Regional Party Committee was a prerequisite and decisive factor for the victory of officers and soldiers on Con Co island.

According to the Geneva Agreement (July 21, 1954), Vietnam was temporarily divided into two regions, Hien Luong River—at the 17th parallel serving as the provisional military demarcation line. Under the support of the US, Ngo Dinh Diem’s government in the South refused to hold a general election to reunify the country and severed relations between the two regions. However, in the demilitarized zone, economic activities continued to be implemented until the end of 1958. These activities not only helped stabilize the lives of people on both sides of the demarcation line but also maintained the communication between the two regions during the time of national division. Through clarifying the economic exchange activities in the demarcation zone in terms of travel, trade volume, goods, and prices, this article draws some observations on the relationship between North and South Vietnam during the years 1954–1958.

Human resource management activities have a strategic significance for the existence and development of enterprises. This study aims to evaluate response strategies in human resource management of hotels in Hue city under the impact of Covid-19. This study used a quantitative method based on surveying 42 leaders of 1 star to 5 star hotels in Hue city. The results show that most hotels are quite confused in developing response plans in human resource management in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The activities of maintaining human resources and training and developing human resources have also not been given due attention. In the post-lockdown period, attracting human resources in hotels was not effective while the relationship between hotels with training institutions is not close. The study contributes to helping hotels in the area have appropriate response strategies in human resource management in the context of the current Covid-19 pandemic.

To evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural land use in Lam Ha District, Lam Dong Province, the authors conducted field surveys, collected data and documents, and employed analysis and evaluation methods including land use efficiency analysis, SWOT analysis, and data synthesis, statistics, and processing. The results showed that the highest economic efficiency for annual crops was flowers, while the lowest was corn. For perennial crops, avocado had higher efficiency than coffee (with capital efficiency ratios of 4.07 and 2.11, respectively). In terms of social effectiveness, the highest for annual crops was vegetables, while the lowest was sweet potatoes; for perennial crops, coffee showed higher efficiency than avocado. Regarding environmental effectiveness, the current investment costs for fertilizers were not a concern, but the use of pesticides was a current issue of concern. It is necessary to implement a combination of solutions to enhance the efficiency of agricultural land use in Lam Ha District, Lam Dong Province

Nickel oxide (NiO) is a p-type semiconductor with numerous applications in catalysis, sensing, and environmental treatment. In this study, copper-modified NiO (Cu–NiO) was synthesized hydrothermally using Ni(NO₃)₂.6H₂O, Cu(NO₃)₂.3H₂O, and urea as precursors, followed by calcination at 500 °C. The structure and properties of the material were characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, EDS, and BET analyses. The results showed that the Cu–NiO material exhibited a face-centered cubic structure of NiO with a uniform distribution of copper, a porous spherical morphology composed of small nanoparticles, a large surface area, and a pore size distribution favorable for catalytic applications. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the characteristic Ni–O bonding and the presence of hydroxyl groups on the surface. The photocatalytic performance of the material was evaluated for pesticide degradation in soil using a QuEChERS-based sample preparation procedure combined with GC–MS analysis. Preliminary results indicate that Cu–NiO exhibits high degradation efficiency, suggesting its potential as a promising material for the treatment of pesticide-contaminated soil.

This article reports the results of identifying the volatile chemical components and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of n-hexane extract from fruit of rose hip fruit (Rosa canina L.). In this study, the chemical components of the volatile substances in the n-hexane extract from the fruit peel of rose hip were identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was measured according to the Ellman method. The results showed that the volatile components in the n-hexane extract mainly consisted of open-chain hydrocarbons and carboxylic acids; the n-hexane extract from fruit peel of rose hip exhibited weaker acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity compared to the positive control substance galantamine (IC50 = 1.95±0.11 µg/mL).

Burst assembly is a significant activity in optical burst switching networks. The key parameter in burst assembly is the criterion for deciding whether to create bursts and send bursts into the network. There are two basic burst assembly methods: timer-based and threshold-based. In the timer-based method, a burst is generated and sent into the network at regular time intervals, regardless of the length of the bursts. The burst length will change depending on the arrival speed of packets within equal time intervals. In the threshold-based method, a limit on the maximum number of packets contained in each burst or on the burst size in bytes, in the case of variable-sized incoming packets, is used as a condition for burst generation. Therefore, the sizes of bursts are dissimilar. The important issue is how to choose an optimal threshold for optimal burst assembly to reduce the number of lost bursts if contention occurs as well as increase the efficiency of OBS network bandwidth usage. In this study, we propose an adaptive burst assembly method based on the incoming packet flow rate at edge nodes to enhance the network's efficiency and reduce the probability of burst loss across the whole network.

Composite materials have been extensively studied and developed due to their high potential for applications in biomedical, adsorption, and environmental treatment fields. Cobalt ferrite/chitosan (CoFe2O4/CTS) composite materials were synthesized in spherical form via a hydrothermal method using a mixture of Fe³⁺/Co²⁺ salts and chitosan. Factors affecting the synthesis process include the amount of chitosan, the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, the molar ratio of cobalt to iron salts, the hydrothermal temperature, and the reaction time. The CoFe₂O₄/CTS composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results revealed that the obtained CoFe₂O₄/CTS composites possess nanoscale particle size, high purity, characteristic spinel structure, good crystallinity, and excellent thermal stability

In this paper, we investigate the nonclassical properties of the superposition of two-mode coherent state SU (1, 1), including two-mode sum squeezing, two-mode dif-ference squeezing, two-mode antibunching, and entanglement. The results show that the superposition of two-mode coherent state SU (1, 1) exhibits two-mode sum squeezing, two-mode antibunching, and entanglement properties, but does not exhibit two-mode difference squeezing. The degree to which these properties are manifested depends on the system pa-rameters. Thus, the superposition of two-mode coherent state SU (1, 1) is the nonclassical state and its nonclassical properties are well demonstrated