This article designs a digital storytelling map activity based on the Thien Mu Pagoda legend to support reading comprehension and encourage heritage appreciation among Grade 5 students. The proposed 5C design and teaching process comprises Selection, Adaptation, Technological Mediation, Collaboration, and Reflection; the label refers to the five Vietnamese component names. It connects teachers’ preparation of source texts with students’ reading, retelling, mapping, and revision. The selected text is identified as a published adaptation for children, with guidance on distinguishing legendary details from historical information. A three-lesson trial involved 36 students in one class in Hue, using a one-group pretest–posttest design. Mean reading comprehension scores increased from 6.21 to 8.72 out of 10, while self-reported scores increased across three groups of heritage attitude indicators. The article also examines the design of worksheets and an illustrative map product. The results suggest feasibility in the participating class and positive descriptive trends. Further research with a comparison group is needed to establish effectiveness.

Against the backdrop of rapid technological advancements, posthumanist inspiration has gradually become a core driving force in 21st-century literature. In response to the growing problem of AI overreliance and dependency, many writers have explored human identity through fresh lenses, reflecting both the challenges and possibilities of existence in the digital age. Among these, The Variant (2023) by Nguyen Dinh Khoa and The Mutations of Solitude (2024) by Yang Phan vividly recreate this identity crisis, raising ontological and existential questions about human limits and the meaning of existence. This paper focuses on exploring three core themes: (1) the crisis of the human - machine boundary from biological bodies to hybrid subjects; (2) the crisis of memory and consciousness when humans are reduced to data and information; and (3) the reconstruction of the posthuman subject within a multi-species network. Therefore, the study examines manifestations of the crisis of human identity in the face of the development of AI. The two works show that technology not only transforms the boundary between humans and machines but also confronts humans with questions about the foundations traditionally regarded as constitutive of humanness.

Cultural heritage education through an experiential approach enables primary school students to observe, explore, practice, share, conceptualize, and apply knowledge in appropriate situations. This article aims to propose measures for cultural heritage education for primary school students through an experiential approach, based on theoretical research and an empirical survey. The study employed document analysis, synthesis, and systematization, together with a questionnaire survey of 279 teachers and 986 Grade 4 and Grade 5 students from 22 primary schools in Hue City; the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings show that cultural heritage education has been implemented through school subjects and educational activities. However, implementation remains uneven; students have insufficient opportunities to engage in diverse experiential activities; and digital environments, project-based learning, and cultural heritage clubs are not yet widely utilized. Based on the theoretical and empirical evidence, the article proposes measures for cultural heritage education for primary school students through an experiential approach. These measures are mutually supportive and may be selected, combined, and adapted to the conditions of individual schools and localities.

Given a finite set X of s distinct points in the projective space P^n, we are interested in studying its uniformity property. When n=2 and X is (i,j)-uniform, we establish a sufficient condition for X to lie on a curve of degree at most 2.

This study evaluated the size structure, length - weight relationship (LWR), and variation in condition of Glyptothorax hainanensis in the Dong Chau - Khe Nuoc Trong Nature Reserve, Quang Tri Province, Central Vietnam. A total of 34 specimens were collected and classified into two size groups: Group 1 (6.0 - 8.0 cm; n = 19) and Group 2 (8.0 - 10.0 cm; n = 15). The LWR analysis indicated that G. hainanensis in both size groups exhibited isometric growth (b = 3.0; p > 0.05). However, clear differences in patterns of energy accumulation were observed between developmental stages. The smaller fish exhibited a relatively uniform and concentrated growth pattern, described by the equation W = 0.015TL²·⁶⁹⁸, whereas the larger fish tended to show greater elongation of the body and wider data dispersion, with the relationship described by W = 0.029TL²·³⁹⁴. In contrast, the relative condition factor (K) remained stable between the two size groups, with mean values close to the reference value of 1.0 (Group 1: 1.004; Group 2: 0.998; p > 0.05), indicating a favorable physiological condition of the population, which may be associated with relatively stable and resource-rich upstream habitats. Pairwise correlation analysis revealed no significant linear association between K and total length (r = -0.007; p > 0.05). Meanwhile, the correlation between K and body weight was statistically significant in the smaller size group (r = 0.467) but not in the larger group (r = 0.507; p > 0.05), potentially reflecting the influence of physiological processes, such as sexual maturation, during the adult stage. This study provides quantitative baseline data on the growth and condition of this native fish species and contributes to ichthyological knowledge and the scientific basis for monitoring the ecological quality of aquatic habitats in the North Central Coast of Vietnam.

The chemical warfare conducted by the U.S. military in Southern Vietnam (1961–1971) stands as one of the most extensive and prolonged campaigns involving the use of chemical agents in the history of modern warfare. By synthesizing historical data, this article highlights the profound impacts of chemical warfare on tropical forest ecosystems, soil resources, water quality, and biodiversity in Southern Vietnam. These environmentally devastating consequences have persisted for decades. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the long-term effects of Dioxin on human health, including chronic illnesses, reproductive disorders, congenital malformations, and hereditary effects across generations. Consequently, it affirms that the aftermath of chemical warfare is not merely a historical issue but an enduring challenge in terms of public health, environmental protection, and humanitarian efforts. These issues, therefore, require sustained collaboration among scientific research, policymaking, and international cooperation.

Ho Chi Minh's thought on education encompasses comprehensive perspectives on education for all, lifelong learning, self-study, combining theory with practice, and coordinating education among schools, families, and society. In the context of current strategies for human development, raising public awareness, training high-quality human resources coupled with digital transformation, building a learning society has become an urgent requirement. To realize this goal effectively, studying and applying Ho Chi Minh's thought holds special importance. Based on assessing the achievements in building a learning society over the past period, the article proposes solutions to raise awareness of lifelong learning, develop a digital learning ecosystem, promote self-study and the connection between theory and practice, while enhancing the coordination among schools, families, and society to firmly ensure the right to education for all citizens in the present context.

In the context of green tourism development becoming a trend to achieve sustainable development goals, intangible cultural heritage is considered an important resource to enhance the identity and competitiveness of destinations. Quang Tri Province possesses a rich system of intangible cultural heritage; however, the exploitation of these values still faces many limitations. The study aims to analyze the current situation of preserving and promoting the value of intangible cultural heritage in the development of green tourism in Quang Tri Province and propose solutions to improve the effectiveness of linking heritage preservation with sustainable tourism development. The study uses document analysis and case studies based on reports on local culture and tourism. The results show that Quang Tri has achieved many positive outcomes in heritage conservation, promoting the role of the community and artisans, and has initially developed cultural tourism products linked to green development. However, the connection between heritage preservation and tourism development remains inconsistent. The research contributes to providing a scientific basis and proposing policy implications to enhance the effectiveness of intangible cultural heritage.

The mental health of vocational school students is a critical factor that directly influences their learning, personal development, and career orientation. This study aimed to examine the mental health status of students at the Second School of Economics and Technology using the dual-factor model of mental health. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted with 199 students using two validated instruments: the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-25) and the PERMA Well-being Scale for School. The findings indicated that students generally demonstrated positive mental health, reflected in relatively high levels of school well-being and overall low levels of psychological difficulties. Nevertheless, a proportion of students continued to experience emotional, behavioral, and peer relationship difficulties. These findings provide empirical evidence for the development of school-based psychological counseling services and the promotion of a positive school environment to enhance the mental health of vocational school students

ABSTRACT Depression and anxiety are among the most common mental health problems in older adults with chronic illnesses, substantially affecting their quality of life, adaptive functioning, and treatment outcomes. Psychological resilience has been recognized as an important protective resource that enables individuals to cope effectively with the challenges and adversities associated with chronic disease. This study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological resilience, depression, and anxiety among older adults with chronic illnesses. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 270 patients aged 60 years and older receiving treatment at Thu Duc General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Data were collected using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; Zigmond & Snaith, 1983) and the Resilience Scale for Older Adults (RSOA; Wilson et al., 2022). The results indicated that 27.4% of participants reported depressive symptoms and 28.9% reported anxiety symptoms at varying levels of severity. Psychological resilience was significantly and negatively associated with both depression and anxiety. Regression analyses further demonstrated that psychological resilience significantly predicted both mental health outcomes. Participants with higher levels of psychological resilience tended to report lower levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the important role of psychological resilience in mental health among older adults with chronic illnesses. The study provides empirical evidence supporting the integration of mental health screening, psychological support services, and resilience-enhancing interventions into comprehensive care programs for older adults living with chronic diseases.   Keywords: Depression, anxiety, psychological resilience, older adults, chronic disease, Thu Duc General Hospital.

This article examines the image of reeds in the Rhapsody of reeds (or Poetic exposition/ rythmic prose of reeds) in Vi Da Collection by Tuy Ly Vuong Mien Trinh, placing it within the context of classical East Asian culture and literature. From a content perspective, inheriting the concept of “flower of life” or “heroic flower” from classical Eastern culture, the reeds in Chinese poetry such as the Book of Songs, poems by Du Fu, Liu Yu Xi, etc., and in the rhapsody by Mien Trinh, through tangible separation (separation, change, decay), still stood out amidst the vast and desolated river in autumn. The reeds in the rhapsody both expressed  simultaneously expressing profound inner feelings (loneliness, melancholy) and symbolizing the author's unwavering, indomitable ideal of life. The reeds were also the beauty of the author's character and talent. From an artistic perspective, the image of the reed flower in the rhapsody was depicted with a suggestive rather than descriptive style. With just a few brushstrokes, its beauty is highlighted amidst a landscape of dark, cold colors, thereby reflecting the philosophy and artistic style of Nguyen Phuc Mien Trinh.

Following the 1962 coup, the Ne Win government established a military state model aimed at consolidating political power, safeguarding national sovereignty, and maintaining territorial integrity. Myanmar's security and defense policy during this period focused on expanding the military's role in political life, strengthening control over ethnic separatist movements, and pursuing a neutral and isolationist foreign policy to limit external interference. This article examines Myanmar's security and defense policy under Ne Win from 1962 to 1988 within the context of complex political developments and ethnic conflicts. It also analyzes the impacts of these policies on Myanmar's political, economic, and social conditions, thereby highlighting the military's dominant role in shaping the country's post-colonial development trajectory.

This study investigated the difficulties preschool teachers encounter when designing STEAM projects for 4–5-year-old children, barriers related to implementation conditions, experiences with generative AI, and support needs. Data from 193 teachers in Hue City were analysed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the Friedman test, Spearman correlations with Benjamini–Hochberg correction, regression with HC3 standard errors, Huber robust regression, and content analysis of open-ended responses. The mean level of design difficulty was M = 2.57 (SD = 0.71), whereas the mean level of contextual barriers was M = 3.44 (SD = 0.86). Among teachers who had used AI, barriers to AI use were positively associated with contextual barriers (ρ = 0.600; qBH < 0.001) and negatively associated with prompt specificity (ρ = −0.338; qBH < 0.001). All five groups of support functions received high ratings, although the evidence was insufficient to establish a priority order among them. Based on these findings, the study proposes a four-step human–AI support framework: specifying the context and pedagogical requirements, AI-generated recommendations, teacher review and refinement, and teacher decision-making and feedback. The framework is regarded as a design hypothesis that requires further empirical validation in future research.

As Vietnam moves toward computer-based testing for the High School Graduation Examination, students need opportunities to become familiar with the examination structure and basic interactions in a digital testing environment. This study developed and conducted an initial trial of an online mock Physics examination system aligned with the current examination structure. Generative AI was used as a development aid to support the construction and revision of program code. The study followed a small-scale descriptive design-and-pilot approach involving 47 Grade 12 students. Data were obtained from system records stored in Google Sheets and from an eight-item questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale to describe user experience. All 47 submissions were successfully recorded, and 47 result notifications were sent. Students spent an average of 43 minutes completing the 50-minute test. Score presentation received the highest rating (M = 4.70), followed by the usefulness of answer keys and solution guidance (M = 4.62), whereas content visibility (M = 3.74) and ease of question navigation (M = 3.85) were rated lower. Two smartphone users also reported difficulties viewing some Physics formulas on narrow screens. Within this initial trial, the tested core functions operated as intended; display and navigation on small-screen devices require further testing and refinement before wider use.