This study investigates how English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students at Hue University of Foreign Languages and International Studies (HUFLIS) use online applications for extensive reading. A mixed-methods design was used to collect quantitative data through a questionnaire survey (N=108) and qualitative data through a semi-structured interview (N=10) and student journal (N=10). The findings reveal that students primarily use online applications for convenience, vocabulary acquisition, and reading fluency development. Most participants report positive effects on their reading skills, motivation, and knowledge expansion. However, using online applications for extensive reading is seen to lead to several challenges, including distractions, advertisements, unsuitable content, and barriers such as internet connectivity and eye strain. The study’s findings also reveal that students attach importance not only to free access but also to content quality and user experience. From the study’s results, implications are put forward to how to use online applications to do extensive reading effectively.

This study examined the interaction foci in a Facebook community of practice (CoP) named “Teachers of TESOL” (a pseudonym) as a platform for professional development for EFL teachers in Vietnam. The qualitative method was applied in this study through the collection of 100 most recent Facebook CoP posts as of July 2024 for the analysis of their interactions. The interactions among teachers in response to the target posts were analyzed for their foci as they emerged from the data. The results indicated that the teachers’ interactions had different major foci, including PD opportunities (25.5%), resources (21.9%), research (19.4%), recruitment (14.6%), and techniques (13.7%). Other less frequent foci acccounted for the remaining 4.9%. Important implications for modifying institutional PD programs are discussed.

This study aims to explore the perceptions, usage trends, and assessment of learning English vocabulary through online applications among 100 undergraduate students from a university in Vietnam. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire, journal entry, and interview. The findings show that most of the EFL students had a positive perception of learning English vocabulary through online applications. Particularly, they found the convenience of learning vocabulary via online platforms noteworthy, yet expressed relatively lower confidence in their vocabulary acquisition abilities. Additionally, the study unveiled varied usage patterns and vocabulary learning strategies that students employed while utilizing these online applications. Notably, the participants highlighted the use of flashcards, mnemonic devices, and engagement in contextual learning. Some participants created personalized vocabulary lists within online applications, frequently reviewing them. Furthermore, the students' evaluations indicated the efficacy of learning English vocabulary through online applications in expanding their vocabulary, committing new words to memory, and reinforcing their overall word acquisition. From the findings, the integration of online vocabulary learning applications into language education programs is recommended, focusing on addressing students' confidence concerns and adapting application features to provide personalized and effective vocabulary learning experiences.

This study was conducted to investigate EFL students’ perceptions of teacher feedback in writing classes in a Vietnamese tertiary context. The participants included 25 first-year and 15 second-year students at a private university in Vietnam. Data was collected via a questionnaire about their attitudes towards teacher feedback practices. It was found that the students had positive perceptions of their teacher feedback and reported preferences for comprehensive and direct corrective feedback. These findings offer important implications for EFL writing instruction and learning.

This research aims to investigate EFL students' perceptions and practice of self-studying English pronunciation through online applications. Data were collected from 102 participants studying English at a university in Vietnam. The study employed questionnaires, journals, and interviews to identify pronunciation challenges, explore self-study app usage, and examine its impact. The findings reveal that the students established regular habits, invested significant time into the use of these applications and engaged in various activities with user-friendly interfaces. They highly valued feedback, incorporating app suggestions, and practicing contextually. The study’s results also confirmed the positive influence of online pronunciation applications on participants' engagement, attitudes, behavior, and pronunciation improvement. Notably, EFL students adeptly utilized the versatile features of these applications, enhancing self-study and English pronunciation skills. The findings provided implications for learning English pronunciation via online applications with traditional methods and exploring training programs to optimize language learning experiences via online applications.

In Nguyen Mong Giac's Song Con mua lu, the author presents a monumental historical novel inspired by the uprising of the Tay Son brothers - Nguyen Nhac, Nguyen Hue, and Nguyen Lu. Alongside historical discourse, the author constructs a complex system of female character representations that both celebrate the virtues of traditional women and affirm the significant role of women. Using structural-systematic, typological and historical methods, this article clarifies the image of women from family culture and gendered experiences; thereby contributing to the dialogue between discourses on women, male dominance, and historical narratives.

This article examines some poems in The collection of Vi Da (in Chinese) by Tuy Ly Vuong Mien Trinh with rare poetic forms such as six-word, four-word, four-tone, reverse-reading, and head-to-tail chant, etc. Through analyzing some notable points about the poetic rules, artistic language and the way of establishing ideas in these poems, the article on the one hand affirms Mien Trinh's skillful writing style, on the other hand opens a unique direction in discovering the beauty of Nguyen Dynasty poetry from special poetic forms that have previously received little attention.

Nguyen Thi Hoang is one of the typical female writers of Southern Vietnamese literature in the period 1954-1975. For her, writing is a choice, a commitment, an existentialist response from a female perspective. The reality depicted in Nguyễn Thị Hoàng's novels is filled with absurdity, emptiness, and uncertainty, which pushes individuals into a universe of anxiety, premonition, and worry. At the same time, they must constantly make choices and commit themselves to the journey of affirming their personal value. Using a structural-systemic approach, this article focuses on the manifestations of existentialism in Nguyen Thi Hoang's novel through two main aspects: anxiety and commitment.

There are not many historical novels written about the Nguyen Dynasty. Therefore, along with some writers such as Tran Thuy Mai, Nguyen Huu Nam, Truong An has impressed readers with a trilogy of historical novels about the Nguyen Dynasty: Thien Ha Chi Vuong (King of the world), Vu Tich (autumn rain) and Ho Duong. Choosing to tell about Nguyen Anh from an outside perspective, all three novels by Truong An have contributed to reconstructing a portrait of Nguyen Anh, from when he was a child who had to run away to survive, until he became the first emperor of a unified Vietnam. This article clarifies the image of Nguyen Anh – Gia Long in Truong An’s historical novel through three aspects, corresponding to the three stages of the historical character Nguyen Anh’s life: Noan – a child not prepared to be an emperor; Nguyen Anh – the creator from destruction and ruin, and Gia Long – the king of ambition and challenge.

Each literary work aims to convey specific content and messages. It can be said that the short story “Salt of the Forest” is an ecological enlightenment by Nguyễn Huy Thiệp. Besides, the work also expresses the writer’s moral and ethical views on the relationship between humans and nature. This study applies the ethical choice theory (伦理选择) of ethical literary criticism (文学伦理学批评), combined with ecological criticism and feminist literary criticism to analyze the ethical choices of the author - as a creative artist - and of the protagonist in the short story. On that basis, the article clarifies different ethical and moral aspects in “Salt of the Forest” by Nguyễn Huy Thiệp.

The traumatized human image not only arouses creative emotions in the artist's soul but is also the product of a turbulent historical era with uncontrollable collisions. Applying the theory of trauma criticism, the article explores the multifaceted manifestation of traumatized human in the novel From the sixth hour to the ninth hour by Nguyen Mot in the spirit of tracing the root cause of wartime injuries, from which there is a “healing” regimen for people when the war passes. Through the prism of trauma, Nguyen Mot does not blush, does not distort, does not bias when writing about war according to the prejudice that “we win the enemy loses, we are good against bad” but from the perspective of reconciliation, dialogue to see the diverse nuances of mental traumas that people in the war have to endure.

With three novels—“Mộ phần tuổi trẻ” (Grave of Youth), “Những vọng âm nằm ngủ” (Sleeping Echoes), and “Bể trăng côi” (The Lonely Moon Sea)—Huỳnh Trọng Khang has emerged as one of the few young Vietnamese writers to firmly establish his position in the literary landscape of early 21st-century Vietnam, achieving this recognition in his early thirties. By choosing themes of war and pandemics, Huỳnh Trọng Khang demonstrates remarkable courage in addressing and recognizing humanity's profound existential concerns and the tribulations of life. To affirm the contributions in terms of themes, genres, and to identify the style of this 1994-born writer within the overall achievements of contemporary Vietnamese literature, this article focuses on three prominent issues in Huỳnh Trọng Khang's novels: War and pandemics – the pain and disasters of humanity; Humans in war and pandemics – confronting and choosing in adversity; Narratives about war and pandemics – a discourse on human existence. Approaching from existential aesthetics, and using typological method, structural-systematic method, and comparative method, through these arguments this paper clarifies the artistic sensibility as well as the creative personality of Huỳnh Trọng Khang when he chooses war and pandemics as the background to explore the dimensions of human fate.

The prediction methods in Vietnamese Medieval Narrative Prose mostly had Chinese origin since Vietnam was not the homeland of the I Ching (Yi Jing), horoscopes, physiognomy, fortune telling, astrology, interpretation of dreams,... When using forecasting methods in life and in literature, Vietnamese people in general and writers in particular not only received the forms but also certainly were influenced by the ideology from the basis, the principles to the ways of explanation (based on the theory of Yin and Yang, Five elements, Unity of heaven and man, Microcosm of human body, Induction of heaven and man, Destiny of heaven,...). On the surface, we could only see the Chinese "identity" of Vietnamese forecasts. However,  if we look beneath these "icebergs", we would realize that Vietnamese medieval writers just borrowed the forms and models to create predictions. In fact, the forecast systems were deeply marked by agricultural culture that could manifest in several aspects: 1. The high frequency appearance of female factors and water factors. 2. Animal and plant systems that represented agricultural culture. 3. The richness of spells and magic associated with Vietnamese traditional culture, legends and history.

In his exploration of war and its aftermath, Phùng Văn Khai uses the experiences of Agent Orange victims to prompt dialogue and reflection on human suffering. This article applies a poetics-based approach, integrating interdisciplinary perspectives from medicine, history, and sociology to analyze the novel Ho đo. It examines the physical and spiritual lives of these characters, as well as the humanistic values expressed in the work. The analysis focuses on three areas: women facing fear and despair in childbirth and marriage, children navigating genetic mutations and the desire for normalcy, and soldiers from both sides seeking reconciliation. This article aims to advance literary discourse on the consequences of chemical warfare, foster social empathy, and highlight the novel’s humanitarian significance.

Arundhati Roy is a brilliant contemporary Indian writer. She received the Man Booker Prize in 1997, making her the first female Indian writer to receive this honor. To date, two of her novels, The God of Small Things and The Ministry of Utmost Happiness, have been translated and introduced in Vietnam. The Ministry of Utmost Happiness, in particular, is a recently published work that suggests many problems to approach and explore. The work mends a fractured, broken world filled with chaos and doubt. Roy expressed concern about a variety of social issues, particularly the tragedy of Indian women's status. The author focuses on the tragedy of Indian women's status as it relates to discrimination based on gender, caste, and religion in this article. From there, the author discovers and exploits ideological messages sent by the writer.

This article aims to analyze the vertical spatial words that are shifted to express time in Vietnamese and Mandarin, thereby pointing out the similarities and differences between the two languages in expressing and thinking of time. The analysis reveals that these words in Mandarin, whether deictic or not, primarily function within the earlier-later relationship, except the word 下 (xià), which can also convey the absolute relationship. In contrast, the Vietnamese words only express the earlier-later relationship. The words 上 (shàng), 中 (zhōng), and 下 (xià) signify a vertical timeline, akin to the Vietnamese terms thượng, trung, and hạ. Meanwhile, the Vietnamese words lên, xuống, trên, and dưới do not convey this vertical timeline; instead, they indicate changes in duration, an aspect that 上 and 下 do not possess. While the word “lên” represents a timeline, it aligns more with a horizontal perspective. Both languages utilize vertical words to express the segmentation of conventional durations. However, Mandarin offers a broader array of expressions that remain actively used, whereas Vietnamese features fewer expressions within limited registers. Furthermore, these words illustrate how the vertical axis is transferred to perceive the earlier-later relationship in both languages. They also exemplify the TIME IS SPACE metaphor and the TIME ORIENTATION metaphor with EARLIER IS UP and LATER IS DOWN.

Since the early modern period, after completing the domestic bourgeois revolution, the Dutch Republic and Britain gradually became the first capitalist powers in Europe and the world. With geographical advantages, both countries have competed with each other to gain the leading position in the world, in which the maritime sector is one of the main contents of this conflict. The conflict over trade routes and maritime domination between Britain and the Dutch Republic became increasingly fierce, leading to three wars from 1652 to 1674. The article focuses on analyzing the historical context and maritime competition between Britain and the Dutch Republic in the second half of the 17th century. The competition between the two first bourgeois countries in the world has led to the important consequence of the relative weakening of the Dutch Republic and created a solid foundation for Britain to gradually rise to the position of maritime trade monopoly from the beginning of the 18th century.

The Anglo - Dutch War (1780-1784) took place in a context of political and economic tensions between the two countries, mainly stemming from the indirect support that the Netherlands provided to the British colonies in North America. Although the war was mainly fought between the two navies, it had a profound impact on the relations between the three countries Anglo – Dutch – American. This article provides an overview of the Anglo - Dutch War (1780-1784), analyzes the impacts of this war on Anglo – Dutch - American relations, as well as changes in international relations.

In the 16th century, the Netherlands was the most powerful merchant community in the European maritime trade networks. After the establishment of the Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC), the Dutch competed fiercely with Portugal to eliminate their competitor to monopolize trade in Asia. China, which had an abundant supply of goods, especially silk, became the strategic target of the Netherlands. After many attempts to establish trade relations with China were rejected by the Ming government, the Netherlands turned their sights to Macao as an alternative. From a systemic approach, the article will focus on analyzing the context of the Dutch competition for trade monopoly with Portugal in Macao, the Dutch intrusion into Macao and the Portuguese response as well as suggesting and discussing the impacts of this process on the position of the two countries in the region in the following centuries.

The period from 1793 to 1812 was one of the most intense and decisive phases in the military history of early modern Europe, marking a prolonged conflict between two major powers—Britain and France—within the context of the French Revolutionary Wars and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This war was not merely military in nature but also represented a profound confrontation of political systems and ideological visions. While Britain remained committed to constitutional monarchy and leveraged its naval superiority to maintain its colonial empire, France embraced revolutionary ideals and relied on its powerful land army to expand influence across the European continent. The conflict, unfolding across multiple theaters and accompanied by rapidly shifting alliances and strategies, led to a series of major geopolitical upheavals across Europe. One of its most significant outcomes was the reconfiguration of the European political map, paving the way for Napoleon's ascendancy following the Treaty of Amiens (1802). The Anglo–French conflict of this period not only reflected the balance of power between two empires but also signaled a fundamental shift in strategic thinking and military organization in early 19th-century Europe. This article aims to analyze the characteristics, nature, and strategic consequences of the conflict, thereby clarifying its role as a turning point in the modernization of military and political structures in modern European history.

India and Philippines are countries located in the same region of Asia, both of which were colonies of Western colonial powers. After gaining independence, ideological differences and mutual suspicion during the Cold War period deeply influenced the state of India - Philippines relations. By the 1990s, the Cold War ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union, leaving an economic void for India. In that context, with the implementation of the “Look East” Policy (LEP), India has become closer economically to Southeast Asian countries, including the Philippines. The following article will delve into the basis as well as the manifestations of changes in India - Philippines economic relations in the last decade of the 20th century.

Faced with the oppression and brutal exploitation of the French colonialists, the people of Dai Loc district (Quang Nam province) "revolted" against taxes. From Quang Nam, the anti-tax "fire" quickly spread throughout the Central provinces, creating a strong and fierce struggle movement with an unprecedented scale and method, frightening the French colonialists and the henchmen forces. Therefore, research on the influence of the anti-tax movement in Quang Nam in 1908 on the Central provinces will contribute to identifying the patriotic movement in Vietnam as well as clarifying the position and role of Quang Nam in the struggle against French colonialism in the early years of the twentieth century.

Vietnam officially established diplomatic relations with South Korea on December 22, 1992. Over the course of 30 years of cooperation, the relationship between the two countries has developed rapidly across many fields, with economic and trade cooperation holding a significant position and achieving many notable accomplishments. This article analyzes the historical context leading to the formal relationship between Vietnam and South Korea in 1992. Since then, our Party has adopted policies to adjust foreign relations with South Korea in the field of economic and trade cooperation, summarizing some of the achievements in trade activities, investment, and ODA aid. Based on this, historical experiences are drawn to be applied in the future economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.

This study evaluates the role of social capital in the preservation of traditional clothing in A Luoi district, Huế city, focusing on three main components: social networks (ML), trust (LT), and social norms (CM). Data were collected from 150 respondents belonging to three ethnic groups (Ta Oi, Co Tu, and Kinh) using a 30-item questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and linear regression. The results indicate that all three components of social capital significantly influence the intention to preserve traditional clothing, with social norms having the strongest effect. The Ta Oi and Co Tu ethnic groups rely more heavily on social networks and trust, while the Kinh group is less influenced by trust. Based on these findings, the study proposes several solutions—such as enhancing community activities, promoting cultural education, and developing market linkages—to support the preservation of traditional attire in the context of globalization.

This study aims to examine the current status and propose solutions for the development of the farmstay tourism model in Hue City, a relatively new but promising form of agricultural tourism. The research is grounded in theoretical frameworks and based on the analysis of primary data collected through interviews with 80 participants, including 66 tourists and 14 farmstay owners or employees. The findings indicate that Farmstay tourism in Hue City remains underdeveloped, characterized by small-scale operations, irregular activities, and modest visitor numbers and revenue. Accordingly, the study proposes several solutions to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of this tourism model.

The article focuses on clarifying the role and value of indigenous knowledge in the development of agricultural livelihood models in A Ngo commune, A Luoi district – a region predominantly inhabited by the Ta Oi and Pa Co ethnic minorities. Based on the local natural, socio-economic, and cultural conditions, the study identifies several types of indigenous knowledge with high potential for practical application in agricultural production. Through field surveys and community consultations, the paper proposes five appropriate livelihood models: beef cattle raising, organic pig farming, clean vegetable cultivation, cultivation of Doac and Dung Dinh trees for traditional liquor extraction, and medicinal plant cultivation. The integration of indigenous knowledge into these models is considered a sustainable approach that not only increases household income and protects natural resources, but also contributes to cultural preservation in rural and mountainous development.

In recent years, livestock production in Nam Dong district, Thua Thien Hue province, has seen a clear shift from traditional free-grazing systems to semi-intensive and intensive models, emphasizing biosecurity, traceability, organic practices, and food safety. However, low-input, smallholder-based systems still dominate, hindering long-term sustainability. This study uses a mixed-methods approach—combining socio-economic surveys, stakeholder interviews, and a quantitative indicator framework—to assess the economic, social, and environmental impacts. A SWOT analysis was conducted to critically evaluate the current livestock production systems with the aim of proposing viable sustainable green agriculture (SGA) models adapted to the region’s agroecological conditions. The findings led to the formulation of six proposed livestock models for the district’s sustainable agricultural transition. These include three flagship models with high potential for scalability and resilience and three contextually adaptive pilot models aligned with local environmental thresholds and socio-economic capacity. The proposed models emphasize climate-smart livestock practices, resource-use efficiency, and compliance with VietGAP standards.

The 2018 General Education Curriculum creates new opportunities for innovation, particularly in the use of textbooks. Instead of rigid compliance, teachers and students are now expected to engage with textbooks proactively and creatively to optimize instructional objectives while fostering learner activation and personalization. Drawing on theoretical perspectives on the characteristics and functions of textbooks, and considering the distinctive features of the current Literature textbooks, this article proposes several strategies for effective use. These include: (1) leveraging the integrative structure of the textbook to organize reading instruction in three stages; (2) utilizing instructional guides to inform the selection of methods, techniques, and tools;(3) employing reading cards to support the development of reading skills; (4) making use of comprehension questions to structure oral reading and close textual analysis. These strategies mark a shift from mechanical use to innovative engagement with textbooks, thereby enhancing both teaching effectiveness and individualized learning.

As a matter of fact, teaching mathematics connected to real life has become a trend that our general education curriculum is trying to follow. However, the number of real-life problems given in each mathematics lesson is still limited, which leads to the fact that not many students are able to see the connection between mathematics in school and their real life. Designing real-life problems, therefore, will help students actively engage in problem-solving and enjoy mathematics more. This article presents some methods of designing and using real problems in the teaching practice. Some illustrative examples are also suggested along with some discussion over the integration of real-life problems into mathematics classrooms.

Education is the seed of the future, and teachers are the ones who nurture and cultivate that seed. Ensuring the sustainable development of society makes teacher training a critically important task. Throughout this process, learners are not only imparted with knowledge but also honed in their teaching skills, including the skill of organizing experimental teaching. This article underscores the significance of cultivating skills for organizing experimental teaching while introducing a practical six-step microteaching application process: (1) preparation, (2) practical observation of organizing experimental teaching activities in Natural and Social Science or Science courses, (3) individual reflection, (4) discussion, (5) standardization of knowledge about teaching experimental skills, and (6) application. Furthermore, the article proposes a rubric for evaluating organizational skills in experimental teaching, facilitating effectiveness for educators during the training of these skills for students.

One of the four perspectives in the development of the 2018 Mathematics curriculum emphasizes the need to ensure integration and differentiation. The general objective of the general education curriculum for Mathematics addresses the development of problem-solving abilities that integrate mathematics with other subjects. However, it is evident that, alongside the advantages, teachers also face many challenges in organizing integrated teaching across subjects. Specifically, it raises the question of how to teach the concepts of Geometry and Measurement in primary school, particularly in grade 3, to reflect this interdisciplinary integration perspective. This article focuses on analyzing the current state of integrated teaching in the area of Geometry and Measurement for grade 3, and subsequently proposes several measures to enhance teachers' understanding and skills in organizing integrated teaching for primary school educators.

The study uses a pedagogical experimental method to evaluate the effectiveness of applying artificial intelligence (AI) in teaching Geography in high school. The post-impact assessment study design was applied to two groups of students: the experimental group using AI to support teaching and the control group not using AI. The subjects were 154 students in grades 10 and 11 from Huong Vinh High School (Hue) and Tran Cao Van High School (Quang Nam). Quantitative data analysis using SPSS 26.0 showed that the average score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control class and the Sig. Value = 0.000 (p < 0.001) showed a statistically significant difference. The qualitative survey results showed students' positive attitudes towards using AI in teaching, helping to increase their interest and learning effectiveness. The study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of AI technology in innovating teaching methods for geography in high school.

This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for the extraction and partial purification of protease from Bacillus  sp.. Protease activity was monitored from 12 to 96 hours to evaluate the effect of cultivation duration. In addition, different precipitation methods were assessed, including ethanol and acetone at extract-to-solvent ratios of 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 (v/v), as well as ammonium sulfate precipitation at saturation concentrations from 30% to 80%. The results indicated that 72 hours post-inoculation was the optimal time point for protease recovery, with the enzyme activity reaching the highest level (62.38%). Among the purification methods tested, ammonium sulfate precipitation at 70% saturation yielded the highest enzyme recovery (558.9 U/mL) and maintained superior enzymatic activity compared to other salt concentrations and organic solvents. These findings provide valuable experimental data for developing an efficient protocol for protease production from Bacillus sp..

The study was conducted to investigate the extracellular enzyme production capabilities, including protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase, of Bacillus spp. strains isolated from four water samples collected in the Tam Giang Lagoon, Thua Thien Hue province. Through screening based on colony morphological characteristics and several biochemical criteria, 25 out of 52 isolated bacterial strains were preliminarily identified as belonging to the Bacillus genus for further evaluation of their extracellular enzyme production potential. The screening results identified four Bacillus spp. Strains, BS03.05, BS03.07, BS04.01 and BS04.05, that exhibited the ability to produce all the surveyed enzymes by degrading substrates such as gelatin, starch, CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), and olive oil (emulsified in PBS buffer). Notably, strain BS01.05 demonstrated the strongest protease and lipase activities, with substrate degradation zone diameters of 20.00 mm for both enzymes. Meanwhile, the highest amylase and cellulase activities were observed in strain BS03.05, with substrate degradation zone diameters of 8.33 mm and 19.00 mm, respectively.

The study on the clonal propagation of Homalomena occulta in the nursery in Phong Dien district, Thua Thien Hue province shows that using concentrations of 50 to 200 ppm of both BAP and α-NAA has a positive effect on the stimulation of Homalomena occulta propagules compared to the control. Among these, BAP treatment showed higher effectiveness compared to α-NAA. Specifically, the formula with 100 ppm BAP yielded the most optimal results for almost all research criteria such as survival rate (94.21%), rooting rate (99.63%), number of shoots (1.86 shoots/propagule), shoot height (6.20 cm/shoot), number of leaves (3.01 leaves/shoot), and root length (14.04 cm/root). This was followed by the treatments with BAP and α-NAA at concentrations of 100, 150 ppm, 50 ppm, and the lowest was the formula at a concentration of 200 ppm. Seedlings treated with both growth stimulants in the nursery for 75-100 days were ready for outplanting with a survival rate of 62.40-94.85%.

The article presents the results of a study on the species composition of gastropod mollusks (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the coastal area of Thua Thien Hue, conducted from February 2024 to December 2024. The study recorded 21 species belonging to 19 genera, 13 families and 2 subclasses Caenogastropoda and Vetigastropoda, of which Caenogastropoda dominated with 20 species. Species distribution shows clear differences between the study areas. Thuan An is the most diverse with 11 species thanks to its rich and diverse living environment. Binh An recorded 9 species, concentrated in coral reefs and hard bottoms, while Lang Co had only one species (N. Robustum), reflecting the limited habitat and negative impacts from human activities. The research results provide important information for biodiversity conservation and marine resource management in Thua Thien Hue.

This study was conducted to assess the diversity of gastropod molluscs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Phú Xuân Ward, Hue City. Investigated parameters included species composition, species richness, population density, and the biodiversity index (H′) among study sites. A total of 13 species belonging to 8 families and 2 major subclasses (Heterobranchia and Caenogastropoda) were recorded across the three study areas. The peripheral area of Hoang Thanh yielded 8 species with H′ = 1.92, the inner area of Hoang Thanh yielded 9 species with H′ = 1.95, and the Ngu Ha River area yielded 8 species with H′ = 2.03. Basedowena vulgata and Angulyagra polyzonata were dominant in terms of abundance and density in Hoang Thanh and its periphery, whereas Filopaludina martensi was dominant in the Ngu Ha River area. The study adds four species to the list of species in Hue City. These results provide an important baseline dataset to inform conservation and resource management of molluscs in the Huế urban area.

In this report, arsenazo (III) and methylene blue in aqueous solutions were adsorbed using coconut fiber materials treated with HCl, HNO3, and NaOH solutions. The most effective adsorbent was coconut fiber treated with 0.1 M HNO3 solution for 30 minutes. This material achieved a methylene blue adsorption efficiency of 92%. Additionally, the coconut fiber treated with 0.1 M HNO3 solution demonstrated excellent adsorption capacity for arsenazo (III), with an adsorption efficiency of 96%, a maximum adsorption capacity of 25.20 mg/g, and followed with Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. This study shows the potential application of low-cost, environmentally friendly coconut fiber materials in the treatment of pollutants.

In this paper, we investigate the nonclassical properties of the single-mode displaced Fock state, specifically lower- and higher-order Hillery squeezing, Hong-Mandel squeezing, and sub-Poisson statistics. The results show that the single-mode displaced Fock state does not exhibit lower- and higher-order Hillery squeezing but does exhibit higher- order Hong-Mandel squeezing. Furthermore, this state exhibits sub-Poisson statistics at both lower and higher orders, corresponding to the number of particles in the Fock state n ≥ 1. Thus, the single-mode displaced Fock state is nonclassical, and its nonclassical properties are well demonstrated.

In this study, we evaluate the role of second-order potential in the microscopic optical potential model for elastic neutron scattering off double-magic targets. We employed the self-consistent mean-field method, applied to the microscopic optical potential model, to evaluate the second-order absorption potential for light, medium, and heavy nuclei, such as 16O, 40Ca, 48Ca, and 208Pb. The computational results show that for the light nucleus 16O, the second-order potential exists in the energy range of 9–22 MeV. For the medium nucleus 40Ca, the second-order potential appears when the incident neutron energy exceeds 20 MeV. In the case of 48Ca, the second-order potential exists even at low energies. For the heavy nucleus 208Pb, the second-order potential has a minor effect. From the obtained results, we conclude that the magnitude of the second-order potential increases with the incident neutron energy and depends on the target nucleus.